What role does melatonin play in sleep regulation?

Melatonin plays a crucial role in sleep regulation by helping to control the body's circadian rhythms, which govern sleep-wake cycles. It is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in response to darkness, signaling to the body that it is time to prepare for sleep. By promoting feelings of sleepiness and lowering alertness, melatonin facilitates the transition between wakefulness and sleep, making it easier for individuals to fall asleep and maintain a regular sleep pattern.

This regulatory function is particularly important for maintaining a healthy sleep cycle, as it helps synchronize the internal biological clock with environmental cues such as light and darkness. As the levels of melatonin rise in the evening and fall in the morning, they support the natural process of winding down and waking up, respectively. Thus, its role in regulating sleep-wake cycles is integral to effective sleep management and overall health.